Research and Discussion Paper on a TJ Framework for Zimbabwe
Contents
1.
2.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.
Objective ................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.
Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5
Definition and Objectives of Transitional Justice ........................................................................... 6
2.1.
What is Transitional Justice? .................................................................................................. 6
2.2.
Definitions of Human Rights Violations .................................................................................. 7
3.
Why is there a Need for Transitional Justice in Zimbabwe? .......................................................... 9
4.
The Main Pillars of Transitional Justice ........................................................................................ 12
4.1.
The swisspeace Transitional Justice Framework .................................................................. 12
4.2.
The ATJF and Dealing with the Past ...................................................................................... 16
4.3. Can the swisspeace and the African Transitional Justice Framework be applied to the
Zimbabwean Situation? .................................................................................................................... 17
5.
6.
Transitional Justice Actors and What the State Has Achieved or Not So Far in Zimbabwe ......... 19
5.1.
Transitional Justice Actors and what they have achieved or not ......................................... 19
5.2.
What the State So Far Has Failed to Achieve ....................................................................... 20
Comparative Analysis of Transitional Justice Practices in Selected Jurisdictions ......................... 26
6.1.
Nigeria .................................................................................................................................. 26
6.2.
Uganda ................................................................................................................................. 28
6.3.
Kenya .................................................................................................................................... 29
6.4.
South Africa .......................................................................................................................... 31
6.5.
Non- Judicial Transitional Justice method-the case of Rwanda ........................................... 33
6.6.
Summary of Lessons Learnt .................................................................................................. 35
7.
The Expectations of Stakeholders Regarding the TJ Process in Zimbabwe .................................. 37
8.
A Possible TJ Framework for Zimbabwe – A Discussion Guideline ............................................... 46
8.1.
Truth Seeking and Truth Commissions ................................................................................. 47
8.2.
Justice and Prosecutions ...................................................................................................... 47
8.3.
Amnesty ............................................................................................................................... 48
8.4.
Conditional Amnesty ............................................................................................................ 48
8.5.
Reparations .......................................................................................................................... 48
8.6.
The Definition of Victim ........................................................................................................ 50
8.7.
Memorialization ................................................................................................................... 50
8.8.
Official Acknowledgement and Apology .............................................................................. 50
2
DRAFT