10 Members of Parliament mentioned in the Presidential Election. Presumably MPs were more prepared to be involved in violence in their own cause than in the cause of their President. The reports of the Forum do not allow much analysis of the category – ZanuPF supporter – and it is therefore not possible to make any comments on the role of the youth militia, but this group has been mentioned in other reports of the Forum and in the reports of member organisations of the Forumxix. It is thus of interest to examine cases of multiple involvement in gross human rights violations, both in the sense of being involved at different times and also in the sense of being involved in multiple incidents - and in different places - within the same time frame. It is also of interest to examine cases where persons having some official status – MP, policeman, member of the CIO, soldier, party official, government or local government official, etc – are named as perpetrators. Thus, the analysis then sorted through the names mentioned in the reports, and removed all cases in which the person was only mentioned once, or did not hold any public office or political office, such as a party official. When this was done, the total number of cases was reduced considerably; from 1,352 to 608, a drop of 55%. However, it still meant that 45% of the names mentioned were either officials or multiple offenders. Table 7 below is thus an extension of Table 6 above. Table 7. Serious offenders in the Parliamentary and Presidential elections, and in both Elections (percentages). Serious Offenders from both elections. N=608 2000 2002 Member of Parliament 3.4 0.57 4.28 Central Intelligence Organisation 1.39 0 1.15 Zimbabwe Republic Police 2.01 6.68 9.21 Zimbabwe National Army 0 0.85 0.49 Zimbabwe Prison Service Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association 0 0.28 0.16 19.8 23.6 4.11 Zane PF supporter 67.4 63.9 76.3 Zane PF (YOUTH) 3.7 0.14 0.99 Zane PF OFFICIALS 0.93 0.14 1.32 Movement for Democratic Change 0.15 0.28 0 Government Official 0.46 0.14 1.97 Unknown 0.77 3.27 0 As can be seen from Table 7, the relative percentages do not change much when we consider only the serious offenders. The major perpetrators remain overwhelmingly ZanuPF supporters and war veterans (ZNLWVA), but, interestingly, the ZRP becomes a higher ranked category and MPs become the third ranked category. This clearly speaks to the suggestions made by all human rights groups that this campaign of violence was organized, the clear implication to be drawn from the involvement of state agencies. Table 8 (over) shows the numbers of persons in each category, the number of times that this group was involved in alleged torture, and the percentages. Statistically, the average number of times that this group as a whole was involved in torture was 2.64 (s.dev.1.63). However, some individuals distinguished themselves and were reported on many occasions as having been involved in torture. Mr Norman Josaya was mentioned no less than 16 times, whilst Messrs The Perpetrators of Gross Human Rights Violations in the current violence in Zimbabwe.