9 5. Who has been responsible? The argument outlined above is clearly at odds with the general thesis that land is at the core of the Zimbabwe crisis, and this thesis has been credibility not only by regional governments, but also by the over weaning focus on white farmers in the international press. It is not a thesis supported by the reports of Zimbabwean human rights groups, but these reports do not seem to have been given their due weight. The reports of the Human Rights Forum indicate that a total of 1,352 individual persons are mentioned in the statements given by victims xv. There are also a very large number mentioned in the same reports derived from press reports, but I have concerned myself only with the names that have come directly to the Human Rights Forum, since these are supported by affidavits and medical reports. This is a large number of names, but it should be stressed only represents a sample of the actual total. The names are derived from only those who reported to the Forum, and cannot be even an indicator of the actual total; only a Commission of Inquiry or epidemiological investigation can determine the actual total xvi. The first step in the analysis was to look at differences between the Parliamentary Election in 2000 and the Presidential Election in 2002 xvii. As can be seen from Table 6 below, there are not great differences in the total numbers of perpetrators identified between the two elections. There is about a 10% increase in the number of perpetrators identified for the Presidential Election, but the interesting changes are in the types of perpetrators identified between the two elections. Table 6. Percentages of different categories of perpetrators reported to human rights organizations in the Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 2000 n=648 2002 n=704 Member of Parliament 3.4 0.57 Central Intelligence Organisation 1.39 0 Zimbabwe Republic Police 2.01 6.68 Zimbabwe National Army 0 0.85 Zimbabwe Prison Service Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association 0 0.28 19.8 23.6 ZanuPF supporter 67.4 63.9 ZanuPF (Youth) 3.7 0.14 ZanuPF (Officials) 0.93 0.14 Movement for Democratic Change 0.15 0.28 Government Official 0.46 0.14 Unknown 0.77 3.27 (These percentages are based on the number of names mentioned and do not reflect the number of times that a name is mentioned.) The number of reports involving the MDC is wholly insignificant xviii, and hence the remainder of this report will not concern itself with the MDC, but concentrate on the other categories of perpetrators. As is seen from Table 6, ZanuPF supporters form the overwhelming majority of the perpetrators, and together with the war veterans (ZNLWVA), the second most frequent category, and account for over 85% of the perpetrators in both elections. A small trend can be seen during the Presidential Election for more categories of perpetrators to appear: as the percentage of ZanuPF supporters falls slightly – from 67% to 64% - so is there a corresponding increase in the percentages for the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP), the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), and the Zimbabwe Prison Service (ZPS). There is also a relatively marked decrease in the number of The Perpetrators of Gross Human Rights Violations in the current violence in Zimbabwe.