suffering from food shortages, and transport is constrained by a chronic shortage of fuel. At the same, time transport assistance from humanitarian actors poses a moral dilemma as it is tantamount to collaboration in forced expulsion of the poor out of cities. The UN will have to take a position on this matter. Overall, the Government of Zimbabwe should be advised to stop any further demolitions and displacements forthwith, and to work with the UN to mobilize immediate assistance from the international community to avert further suffering, while creating conditions for sustainable relief and reconstruction for those affected. Furthermore, the Government of Zimbabwe should grant full citizenship to those former migrant workers and their descendants who have no such legal status. Mostly people of Malawian, Zambian and Mozambican origin, they are among the most vulnerable and adversely affected group. This group comprises every third person found sleeping out in the open by the team – a total of some 114,000 people. Yet, these are people who have given their best years to Zimbabwe’s commercial farms. Most of them have never been to their so-called countries of origin and repeatedly told the Special Envoy they would not even know where to go if they were repatriated. However, those who are interested in pursuing agriculture should be given opportunities for resettlement to become smallholder farmers like other Zimbabweans under the Land Reform Programme – without discrimination. Similarly, many widows and divorcees have no rural homes to return to, as property often stays with the former husband’s side of the family. Others are in need of medical care which is difficult to access in rural areas. They too deserve attention and priority under Operation Garikai in a joint effort by the Government of Zimbabwe, the UN and other partners. 7.2.3 Addressing the land issue, macro-economic reform and governance The wrecking of the informal sector by Operation Restore Order will have detrimental effects at a time that the economy remains in serious difficulties. Apart from drastically increasing unemployment, the Operation will have a knock-on effect on the formal economy including agriculture. The Government of Zimbabwe has to undertake corrective policy reforms in macro-economic management and governance issues, focusing on land reform and land tenure with a view to provide secure tenure for the poor, both in rural and urban areas. At the heart of Zimbabwe’s current socio-economic problems is the issue of land reform and the related severe decline in agricultural production, which is also partly a result of recent successive droughts. Other problems cited in this report include: massive inflation; a significant drop in agricultural production; a serious shortage of foreign currency; a drying up of foreign direct investment; a very significant shrinkage of the entire economy, estimated by the IMF to have been 40% in recent years; serious periodic shortages of basic consumer commodities, including fuel, maize meal, milk, bread, cooking oil, soap etc; a massive rise in unemployment, estimated at present to be between 75% and 80%; and a significant increase in poverty – it is estimated that 70% of Zimbabwe's population now lives below the poverty line. Through Operation Garikai, the informal sector that employed 40% of the labour has been wiped out. Key policy reforms include: a. Land reform, including a UN Trust Fund to offer meaningful compensation for commercial farmers who can demonstrate that their properties were either confiscated or that they were not adequately compensated, thereby contributing to the healing of the Zimbabwean Nation from historical factors. The Government should also accept to 75