As can be seen from Table 6, there is a very strong association for assaults and torture to be associated with political events, and shootings not to be so; according to the Human Rights Forum report, shootings were almost wholly in connection with the Food Riots in 1998, and with the ZRP rather than the Zimbabwe National Army [ZNA]. TABLE 6 Association of type of violations with political events Source: Human Rights Forum (2006) NON POLITICAL POLITICAL Assault 20.8% 30.3%* Assault [GBH] 64.2% 66.7% Murder 1.9% 0 Property violations 5.03% 6.1% Theft 1.3% 0 Torture 57.2% 75.8%** Unlawful arrest 11.9% 11.4% Unlawful detention 18.9% 20.5% Shooting 11.3%** 1.5% *[p=0.05]; **[p=0.005] Regarding the alleged perpetrators, the legal cases indicate that both the ZRP and the ZNA are complicit. TABLE 7 Alleged perpetrators of torture Source: Human Rights Forum (2006) NO TORTURE TORTURE ZRP [Uniform branch] 30.3% 42.1%* ZRP [CID] 1.01% 13.7%* ZRP [PISI] 1.01% 0.5% ZRP [Riot Squad] 24.2% 15.8% ZRP [Support Unit] 6.1% 6.3% Zimbabwe National Army 28.3% 44.7%* CIO 0 0.5% ZANU PF 5.1% 1.1% *[p=0.05]; **[p=0.01] Thus, the legal cases completed before the Zimbabwean courts, as well as hundreds more awaiting completion, strongly corroborate the other reports of the Human Rights Forum, and it is significant that the allegations of torture and other gross human rights abuses are supported by decisions of the Zimbabwean courts themselves. These may only be civil suits, in which the burden of proof may be lower than criminal prosecutions, but there are also a small number of criminal court cases in which torture by the ZRP has been proven50. 4.3 Amani Trust The Amani Trust carried out a small investigation of the violations experienced by commercial farm workers in 2002. A very high percentage (71%) reported an experience of torture or repressive violence, whilst 90 cases, or 65%, had had some experience of torture or repressive violence prior to the present episode. The sample also reported that many adults’ families had witnessed their torture. 82 cases [59%], had had other adults witness their torture, and this was usually a spouse. Other family members were also reported as having experienced violence: 76 cases, or 55%, had a similar experience to the interviewee. Even children were not exempt. 77 interviewees [55%] reported that children in their families had witnessed the violence they had suffered. 50 See S vs Reza, HH-02-04, Crim. Appeal 159/03; See also Redress (2005), ZIMBABWE: THE FACE OF TORTURE AND ORGANISED VIOLENCE. Torture and Organised Violence in the run-up to the 31 March 2005 General Parliamentary Election, LONDON: REDRESS TRUST; Redress (2004), The Case of Henry Dowa: The United Nations and Zimbabwe under the spotlight, January 2004, LONDON: REDRESS TRUST. Page 15