punishment as invalid. However, the decision did not affect the administering of corporal punishment in the home and at school. Corporal Punishment A matter was argued in the Constitutional Court which sought to declare judicial corporal punishment as unconstitutional. The decision was handed down in the case of S v Chokuramba, Justice for Children’s Trust Intervening as Amicus Curiae Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights Intervening as Amicus Curiae CCZ 10-19, banning judicial corporal punishment and declaring section 353 of the Criminal Code which allowed corporal Zimbabwe presented an initial report to the African Committee of Expert on the Rights and We l f a r e o f t h e C h i l d a n d r e c e i v e d recommendations. The process of developing a National Implementation Plan of Action of the concluding observations was initiated and never finalised. Specific Cases Ÿ Political parties, particularly ZANU-PF, forced children to attend political rallies, and used school grounds, buses and other property for political activities. These were also the findings of the ZHRC in an investigation that was triggered by several complaints lodged with the Commission. The Amalgamated Rural Teachers Union of Zimbabwe (ARTUZ) successfully obtained a declarator and an interdict against the conduct before Justice Mafusire in the Masvingo High Court. However, the Supreme Court vacated the order on a technicality on appeal by ZANU-PF. Ÿ On the 4 April 2018 Human Rights Watch (HRW) launched a report on child labour on tobacco farms in Zimbabwe titled “A Bitter Harvest: Child Labour and Human Rights Abuses on Tobacco Farms in Zimbabwe”. The 105-page report reveals child labour in Zimbabwe commercial tobacco farm, and how children are exposed to hazardous conditions and are at risk of acute nicotine poisoning or “green tobacco sickness” caused by absorbing nicotine through the skin from tobacco plants. Child labour has also been reported in the tea estates of 24 Manicaland. The same goes for both large and artisan mining activities. In the Lowveld, four months of investigative journalism found that cases of child labour by sugarcane out-growers in the cane plantations was rampant, especially during the cutting season. Most of the child labourers were survivors of the Tokwe Mukosi floods, who lived in abject poverty. Ÿ The ZNWC recorded 72 cases of child sexual abuse and exploitation. Child sexual exploitation cases (child prostitution) cases were recorded, especially in areas such as Epworth; Hopley; Caledonia; and the transport corridors in Chirundu, Victoria Falls, Beitbridge and Masvingo, Ngundu, Chinhoyi, Chirundu and Hwange. Specific mining towns were also significantly implicated. These include Bindura, Kwekwe, Kadoma, Zvishavane and big cities such as Bulawayo. In Bindura, over 136 sexual abuse cases involving complainant minors were pending before the court. Ÿ Local NGOs handled several cases of children whose grade 7 and O'level results were withheld over arrear school fees. In Chiredzi, a Chiredzi-based community-based organisation attended to 11 such cases. This despite the Bulawayo High Court having ruled in 2013 that withholding of results is illegal.25 On 27 March JCT filed an urgent chamber 24. See “Child labour rampant in team plantation” Daily News, 3 June 2013,https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2013/06/03/childlabour-rampant-in-tea-plantation and Zimbabwe: when ending child labour does not end child exploitation” African Arguments, 10 September 2015, https://africanarguments.org/2015/09/10/zimbabwe-when-ending-child-labor-does-not-end-child-exploitation/ 25. S v Nyabeza and Another HB 1-11 Cheda J (Ndou J concurring). The practice of withholding results is in violation of sections 75(1) and (4) and 81(1)(f) of the Constitution on the right to education; section 4(1) of the Education Act [Chapter 25:04]; sections 19(1) and 81(2) of the Constitution on the best interests of the child, and section 7(1) of the Children's Act [Chapter 5:06] on the right of children to be protected from ill-treatment. 36 STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018