Annexes Table A2.3  YDI indicators for the Employment and Opportunity domain Code Indicator Source Latest year Global coverage of countries Number of countries with only one single data point in the YDI D3.1 Youth NEET rate International Labour Organization (ILO), World Development Reports, OECD 2014 141 34 D3.2 Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate UNDATA 2014 151 33 D3.3 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women 15–19) World Bank 2014 184 0 D3.4 Existence of account at a financial institution, young adults (% 15–24) World Bank Findex 2014 131 0 Table A2.4  YDI indicators for the Political Participation domain Code Indicator Source Latest year Global coverage of countries Number of countries with only one single data point in the YDI D4.1 Existence of a youth policy Youth policy labs 2015 182 0 D4.2 Existence of voter education ACE Electoral Knowledge Network 2014 183 183 D4.3 Expressed political views; answered ‘yes’ to questions ‘Have you done any of the following in the past month?’ and ‘How about voiced your opinion to a public official?’ (15–29) Gallup World Poll (15–29 responses only) 2014 154 17 A2.2  Improvements to 2016 Youth Development Index indicators As data have improved in quality and accessibility since the first YDI was published in 2013, the indicators included in the 2016 YDI have been updated accordingly. Changes to the indicators and the reasoning behind them are summarised below. Education Public spending on education as a percentage of GDP has been dropped from the Education domain, as it fluctuates from year to year based on national budget priorities. It is also not necessarily an indicator of the quality of education. ‘Mean years of schooling’ has been replaced with ‘Enrolment in secondary school’ (gross), as the latter better captures access to minimum goals in education. It is important to note that it is possible to score above 100 per cent in this indicator as all people enrolled in secondary schools are counted and then divided by the population officially of secondary school age. Where second chance opportunities are taken by older youth this can inflate the figures to above 100 per cent. ‘Digital natives’ has been added to the Education domain. With the use of technology becoming more important in social and professional realms, access to and knowledge of how to use digital tools and \ 139