Judgment No. CCZ 9/18
Civil Appeal No. CCZ 5/18
Section 86 (2) provides:
“86 Limitations of rights and freedoms
(1)……
(2)
The fundamental rights and freedoms set out in
this chapter may be limited only in terms of a law of general application
and to the extent that the limitation is fair, reasonable, necessary and
justifiable in a democratic society based on openness, justice, human
dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors
including:
(a) the nature of the right or freedom concerned;
(b)
the purpose of the limitation, in particular whether it is necessary
in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public
morality, public health, regional or town planning or the general
public interest.
(c)
The nature or the extent of the limitation;
(d)
The need to ensure that the enjoyment of rights and freedoms by
any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others,
(e)
The relationship between the limitation and its purpose, in
particular whether it imposes greater restrictions on the right or
freedom concerned than are necessary to achieve its purpose and
(f)
Whether there are any less restrictive means of achieving the
purpose of the limitation.”
It has been urged upon the court by counsel for the applicant that in considering
whether s 27 can be saved under this section, the court must make a sequential inquiry, going
through all the factors that are listed in the section seriatim. While this may be a logical and
convenient manner of proceeding, I do not believe that the law directs the court to march its
thought processes in this regimented manner.
Clearly, the law directs the court to test the infringing law under four specific heads.
These are whether such a law is fair, reasonable, necessary and justifiable in a democratic
society based on openness, justice, human dignity, equality and freedom. In testing the
infringing law against these specific yardsticks, the court is enjoined to take into account all
relevant factors including the factors spelt out in the section.
13
Select target paragraph3
Add to table of contents