To South Africa • Press Zimbabwe’s political parties, through the Southern African Development Community (SADC) appointed facilitator for Zimbabwe negotiations, to fully implement all provisions of the GPA to level the political field and create a rightsrespecting environment conducive to the holding of credible, free, and fair elections; and • Press the SADC to ensure that the Zimbabwe unity government institutes sufficient legislative and electoral reforms to facilitate elections that fully comply with the SADC’s Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections. To the Southern African Development Community and the African Union • Ensure SADC officials deployed to monitor the GPA together with the Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee (JOMIC) have a sufficient long-term presence in Zimbabwe that would enable them to effectively carry out their monitoring duties; • Call on political parties to stop intimidating, threatening and harassing opponents and their supporters so that the environment will be conducive for Zimbabweans to freely vote at the elections; • Independently assess and certify that conditions are right for the holding of elections that comply with the SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections before the SADC clears Zimbabwe to hold elections; • Provide for early deployment and sufficient numbers of SADC and African Union (AU) election observers to Zimbabwe and maintain such monitors for a sufficient period after elections to deter violence and intimidation; • Develop and publicize a robust enforcement mechanism for its resolutions on Zimbabwe including consideration of sanctions on key individuals; • Clarify to all unity government officials obstructing key reforms that there will be consequences (including suspension of Zimbabwe’s membership and sanctions) if reforms necessary to deliver credible, free, and fair elections are not instituted; and • Go beyond the first step of calling upon the unity government to implement critical reforms and enunciate consequences if the unity government fails to ensure full and speedy implementation of all agreed electoral reforms. 5 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | JANUARY 2013