3.4. Events of the 1st of August 2018 violence ....................................................................... 16 3.5. Nature and extent of the violence ..................................................................................... 17 3.6. The Demonstrators .................................................................................................................. 18 3.7. Political Parties ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.8. MDC Alliance Leadership’s response to these allegations ........................................ 20 3.9. Electoral Law- Declaration of Presidential Election Results .................................... 21 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 24 4.0. INTERVENTION BY THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE AND SUBSEQUENT INVOLVEMENT OF THE MILITARY ................................................................................................. 24 4.1. Intervention by the Police .................................................................................................... 24 4.2. Involvement of the Military .................................................................................................. 26 4.3. The Law on the deployment of the military ................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 29 5.0. THE USE OF FORCE BY THE ARMY AND POLICE, WHETHER IT WAS PROPORTIONATE, AND THE CAUSES OF DEATHS AND INJURIES ..................................... 29 5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.2. The evidence about the deceased ...................................................................................... 29 5.3. The evidence from the Defence Forces ............................................................................ 32 5.4. The evidence of those injured by gunfire ........................................................................ 35 5.5. The evidence of those assaulted by the Army ............................................................... 38 5.6. Proportionality of Army’s actions ....................................................................................... 39 5.7. Causes of death and injury ................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 42 6.0. KEY FINDINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF REFERENCE ................... 42 6.1. The circumstances leading to the 1st of August 2018 post-election .................... 42 6.2. The intervention by the Zimbabwe Republic Police in the ....................................... 45 6.3. The circumstances which necessitated the involvement of the ............................. 45 6.4. Whether the degree of force used was proportionate to the ensuing ................. 47 6.5. The extent of damage/injury caused ............................................................................... 47 6.6. Any other matter which the Commission of Inquiry may deem ............................. 49 CHAPTER 7 .............................................................................................................................................. 50 xii