Table 17: Opinions on What Must be Done for Victims, by Province What must be done (%) Form of Rehabilitation (%) Don’t Truth Nothing Rehabilitation know Other Compensation recovery Prosecution Apology Counselling Bulawayo 8 80 5 7 30 10 16 5 19 Harare 7 85 4 4 51 7 7 11 9 Manicaland 8 84 5 3 53 4 5 15 7 Mashonaland Central 7 81 9 1 50 5 4 18 6 Mashonaland East 10 80 7 3 53 5 4 14 4 Mashonaland West 8 84 6 4 48 5 5 18 6 Masvingo 6 84 5 4 52 5 6 17 5 Matabeleland North 7 86 3 3 49 12 12 11 3 Matabeleland South 10 85 5 0 51 14 9 11 0 Midlands 4 88 7 2 53 11 10 14 1 ZIMBABWE 8 84 5 3 50 7 7 14 6 Note: Table gives percentages only. Measurement for Zimbabwe are the averages for the provinces. Those provinces with Ndebele-speaking people directly affected by Gukurahundi showed the strongest desire for prosecutions.* There could be other reasons not covered by this research to explain the desire for prosecutions. Bulawayo tops the demand for prosecution with 16 per cent, followed by Matabeleland North at 12 per cent and Midlands at 10 per cent. Mashonaland Central and East are the lowest at 4 per cent. Truth recovery was most recommended in Matabeleland South, by 14 per cent of the participants, followed by Matabeleland North and Midlands with 12 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively. Overall, the lowest demand was for counselling, which was least supported in Matabeleland South with less than 1 per cent. 8. How far should we go back? Table 18 reflects the respondents’ views of the period which transitional justice should cover. The largest percentage of the respondents (41 per cent) wanted the process to cover the period from 2000 to the present. Eighteen per cent wanted the process to cover the period just after independence, and 12 per cent wanted it to start from the 1990s. Fourteen per cent wanted the process to cover the period before independence, but only 3 per cent wanted to begin before colonialism. A regional analysis showing the geographical differences in the preferred period from which transitional justice should commence appears as Table 19. * Gukurahundi is a term used for the disturbances in Matabeleland and Midlands provinces between 1983 and 1988 in which many civilians were killed by state agents and dissident combatants. 20 Transitional Justice Survey – A Report of the People’s Perceptions and Recommendations