1: INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY AND POLITICAL SETTING
Freedom House (FH) has conducted a series of three surveys of the socio‐economic and political
situation in Zimbabwe. The series– the current one is the third since 2009 – aims at monitoring and
understanding political and economic change in Zimbabwe, and to advance democracy by using the
knowledge in support of Zimbabwe’s ongoing political and economic transition.
The2012 survey was conducted close to four years after the Global Political Agreement (GPA), and three
and a half years after the formation of the Inclusive Government (IG). The series of surveys offered
Zimbabweans a platform to express opinions and relate experiences on a series of issues that are
critically important to the citizenry as Zimbabwe continues its transitional process. The surveys are vital
in helping to ensure that the voices of the Zimbabwean people are known, and that they help shape the
political decisions that are made.
Zimbabweans are showing the evidence of having been pulled in all directions in the transitional period.
They have been scarred in the party political wars since the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)
from late 2000 onwards first posed an electoral challenge to the Zimbabwe African National Union‐
Patriotic Front (ZANU‐PF). The MDC (later the MDC‐Tsvangirai) and its supporters have on several
occasions through elections come close to assuming power. ZANU‐PF, however, had the total strategy to
circumvent its own electoral defeat. When the 2008 electoral stalemates arrived the two rival parties,
also for the sake of peace, entered joint or IG in the form of the GPA. The MDC‐T had to be satisfied with
a subject position.
The years in power took their toll on the MDC‐T. It was pressured to prove itself as acapable co‐
governing party, and often neglected to continuously nurture the political organisation. Leadership
fatigue and battles, along with the MDC‐T in office often being exposed as comparable‐in‐corruption to
ZANU‐PFhelped complicate the MDC‐T’s early years in joint‐but‐dominated power. This dented its
popular standing, also in measures such as those included in the current survey. There are indications
thatsome MDC‐T supporters may be moving away from seeing their party and its leaders as their
unquestionedpolitical saviour.1
Zimbabweans, as represented in this stratified‐random and nationally representative sample, are, it
seems, not sure any more aboutwhat to believe and how to relate to political and economic
circumstances. They veer between praises for economic conditions that have improved and
condemnations of the IG when they engage in more general‐level assessments. They leap from great
anticipation that the next election is the one that will bring more definitive change to their lives to
concrete assessments that reveal more of their politically tormented sides. They proclaim that free and
1
The vote measure in this survey explores the notion of ‘if elections were held tomorrow …’ It thus indicates how
Zimbabweans presently translate their joys and frustrations into decisions about voting. With politics in flux their
vote declarations may very well be different at a future point in time and in changed circumstances.
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