Figure 8: Political Trust 56 60 50 40 43 38 2527 30 20 34 17 25 21 34 31 2425 14 12 36 32 29 27 26 26 27 23 19 2012 10 2014 0 2017 By 2017, there is increasing trust in the ruling party, the police, the army and the president. There is also decreasing trust in parliament, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC), and the courts. Overall, these women respondents do not report very high levels of political trust in any of the years. It is very interesting in the light of the recent military deposing of the president to look at the contrast between trust in the president and trust in the army. Elsewhere we found that political trust overall was much stronger for rural women (RAU & MPOI.2017), and this included both the president and the army. Is this then a contradictory finding: that people trust both the president and the army, but still take to the streets in their tens of thousands in November 2017 to push for the removal of the president? Or was this a specific urban phenomenon, where urban people wished for the president to go, and demonstrated not because they trust the army, but because the army explicitly allowed the demonstration as we have speculated elsewhere (RAU & MPOI. 2018). Conclusions Against the finding that social capital increases public and political participation, and the finding that this was predominantly a feature of rural women (RAU. 2018), we were interested to see whether there were changes over time and against the turbulence in the political economy of Zimbabwe over the past five years. As regards social capital itself, there were big increases in trust and feeling safe between 2014 and 2017, a decrease in belonging to community, and other measures changed very little. Most (apart from feeling safe) are minority positions: overall, in 2017, most women (81%) are careful what they say in public, few (89%) belong to a community organisation, and equally few (77%) join others to raise an issue. The changes over the five years in the social capital index were significant, but difficult to understand at face value. It is difficult to understand why social capital should increase in 2017 against the background of increasing economic hardship and political faction fighting: we might rather have expected the continuous downward trend from 2012. 12